At a time when a womans contribution to a newspaper was generally confined to the womens pages, Cochrane was given a rare opportunity to report on wider issues. After ten days, the asylum released Bly at The World's behest. Unable to maintain the land or their house, Bly's family left Cochran's Mill. This article was most recently revised and updated by, 8 of Nellie Bly's Most Sensational Stories. He had 10 children with his first wife, Catherine Murphy, and 5 more children, including Elizabeth Cochran his thirteenth daughter, with his second wife, Mary Jane Kennedy. Madden offered her an opportunity to write another column, and after she submitted her column on how divorce affects women, he hired her for the newspaper (giving her the pseudonym Nellie Bly). Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Nellie Bly, Birth Year: 1864, Birth date: May 5, 1864, Birth State: Pennsylvania, Birth City: Cochran's Mills, Birth Country: United States. She is often confused with the journalist Nellie Bly (1864-1922). Unable to maintain the land or their house, Bly's family left Cochran's Mill. How many sisters did Susan B. Anthony have? A year later, at 9:40a.m. on November 14, 1889, and with two days' notice,[27][clarification needed] she boarded the Augusta Victoria, a steamer of the Hamburg America Line,[28] and began her 40,070 kilometer journey. How many sisters did Ernest Shackleton have? Nellie Bly had 14 siblings (10 half-siblings; 4 full blooded siblings). She had several siblings and half-siblings. One of the protagonist's adventures in the 2003 film "The Adventures of Ociee Nash" is meeting Nellie Bly (Donna Wright) on a train. How many siblings did Catherine of Aragon have? http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1889-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/, By: Arlisha R. Norwood, NWHM Fellow; Updated by: Mariana Brandman, NWHM Predoctoral Fellow in Womens History | 2020-2022. [7] Michael Cochran died in 1870, when Elizabeth was 6. She breathed her last on January 27, 1922 at St. Mark's Hospital in New York City due to pneumonia. Now Nellie Bly is getting her due. The Washington Post. She went undercover at a factory where she experienced unsafe working conditions, poor wages, and long hours. Once examined by a police officer, a judge, and a doctor, Bly was taken to Blackwell's Island. Safely home, she accused Daz of being a tyrannical czar suppressing the Mexican people and controlling the press. Led by New York Assistant District Attorney Vernon M. Davis, with Bly assisting, the asylum investigation resulted in significant changes in New York City's Department of Public Charities and Corrections (later split into separate agencies). A young journalist looks behind the curtain of a nearby mental hospital, only to uncover the grim and gruesome acts they bestow upon their "patients". Madden immediately offered her a job as a columnist. [32] In 1893, though still writing novels, she returned to reporting for the World. 1985.212. Now Nellie Bly is getting her due., Eighty Days: Nellie Bly and Elizabeth Bisland's History-Making Race Around the World. National Women's History Museum. On January 25, 1890, the world waited for a young reporter named Nellie Bly to arrive back home. Baker's career as an actress took place from 1921-1934 and she performed in 13 films. Her father had ten children from his first marriage and five children from his second marriage to Elizabeths mother, Mary Jane Kennedy. Nellie Bly was born on May 5, 1864 in Cochran Mill, Pennsylvania. Oil on canvas. In her first act of stunt journalism for the World, Elizabeth pretended to be mentally ill and arranged to be a patient at New Yorks insane asylum for the poor, Blackwells Island. [72], A large species of tarantula from Ecuador, Pamphobeteus nellieblyae Sherwood et al., 2022, was named in her honour by arachnologists.[73]. Lib. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. How many siblings did Louisa May Alcott have? Her reporting introduced readers to the horrors of insane asylums and to international travel. After her ten-days-in-a-madhouse stunt and her circumnavigation of the globefeats that would make her a household nameshe went on to do many other things. The story of an investigative journalist who used her career to shed light on the horrors of urban life and break gender stereotypes. In business, her curiosity and independent spirit flourished. [9] In 1879, she enrolled at Indiana Normal School (now Indiana University of Pennsylvania) for one term but was forced to drop out due to lack of funds. Date accessed. Her New York debut, at age 23, was a harrowing two-part expos of the Woman's Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's (now Roosevelt) Island for which she had feigned insanity and fooled a battalion of Bellevue doctors and curious reporters from competing papers to get inside. There were nearly one million entries in the contest. claimed that women were best served by conducting domestic duties and called the working woman "a monstrosity." In 1885, Bly began working as a reporter for the Pittsburgh Dispatch at a rate of $5 per week. In a tribute after her death, the acclaimed newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane remembered Bly as the best reporter in America., Kroeger, Brooke. Christina Ricci starred as Bly and Transparent's Judith Light played the role of the head nurse. Interestingly, rival newspaper New York Cosmopolitan had sent their reporter Elizabeth Bisland on a similar journey but she arrived four days later. How many siblings did Althea Gibson have? Ten Days in the Madhouse. How many siblings did Florence Nightingale have? She uncovered the abuse of women by male police officers, identified an employment agency that was stealing from immigrants, and exposed corrupt politicians. Nellie Bly Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts. In the piece, writer Erasmus Wilson (known to Dispatch readers as the "Quiet Observer," or Q.O.) Bernard, Karen. Nellie Bly, pseudonym of Elizabeth Cochrane, also spelled Cochran, (born May 5, 1864, Cochrans Mills, Pennsylvania, U.S.died January 27, 1922, New York, New York), American journalist whose around-the-world race against a fictional record brought her world renown. To escape writing about womens issues on the society page, Elizabeth volunteered to travel to Mexico. [24] She had a significant impact on American culture and shed light on the experiences of marginalized women beyond the bounds of the asylum as she ushered in the era of stunt girl journalism. Within her lifetime, Nellie Bly published three non-fiction books (compilations of her newspaper reportage) and one novel in book form. How many siblings did Patricia Bath have? Elizabeths writing career started abruptly and unintentionally. In response to an article in the. How many siblings did Martha Washington have? . National Women's History Museum. Between 1889 and 1895, Nellie Bly also penned twelve novels for The New York Family Story Paper. Her mother was from a wealthy Pittsburgh family. She was far and away the best-known woman journalist of her day. How many siblings does Bessie Coleman have? How many siblings did Dorothy Height have? Her father, Michael Cochran, owned a lucrative mill and served as associate justice of Armstrong County. [37], She ran her company as a model of social welfare, replete with health benefits and recreational facilities. At the . All Rights Reserved. There have been claims that Bly invented the barrel,[35] but the inventor was registered as Henry Wehrhahn (U.S. But her negligence, and embezzlement by a factory manager, resulted in the Iron Clad Manufacturing Co. going bankrupt. [33] Bly was 31 and Seaman was 73 when they married. Michael had 10 children with his first wife and five more with Mary Jane, who had no prior children. How many siblings did Lucretia Garfield have? Elizabeths boss did not want to anger Pittsburghs elite and quickly reassigned her as a society columnist. Nellie lived on a big farm with her parents Michael Cochran and Mary Kane and her siblings. She also prioritized the welfare of the employees, providing health care benefits and recreational facilities. Best Known For: Nellie Bly was known for her pioneering journalism, including her 1887 expos on the conditions of asylum patients at Blackwell's Island in New York City and her report of her 72-day trip around the world. Gertrude Kasebier, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. The town was founded by her father, Michael Cochran, who provided for his family by working as a judge and landowner. [29][30] During her travels around the world, Bly went through England, France (where she met Jules Verne in Amiens), Brindisi, the Suez Canal, Colombo (in Ceylon), the Straits Settlements of Penang and Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan. Nellie Bly: Daredevil, Reporter, Feminist. In 1887, Bly relocated to New York City and began working for the New York World, the publication that later became famously known for spearheading "yellow journalism." The Girl Puzzle Monument honoring activist and journalist Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman, pen name Nellie Bly (1864-1922), is a public sculptural installation by American artist Amanda Matthews, CEO/Partner of Prometheus Art Bronze Foundry and Metal Fabrication.The installation is located on the northern tip of Roosevelt Island in Lighthouse Park (named after the Blackwell Island Light) in the New . Unfortunately, Bly did not manage the finances well and fell victim to fraud by employees that led the firm to declare bankruptcy. Omissions? [26], Back in reporting, she covered the Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913 for the New York Evening Journal. How many siblings did Anne Sullivan have? She was a pioneer in investigative journalism. [54] A fictionalized version of Bly as a mouse named Nellie Brie appears as a central character in the animated children's film An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster. How many siblings did James Meredith have? On May 5, 2015, the Google search engine produced an interactive "Google Doodle" for Bly; for the "Google Doodle" Karen O wrote, composed, and recorded an original song about Bly, and Katy Wu created an animation set to Karen O's music. How many sisters did Charles Dickens have? With an attempt to break the faux record of the character of Phileas Fogg, Bly began her 24, 899 mile journey on November 14, 1889, boarding the Augusta Victoria. In an effort to accurately expose the conditions at the asylum, she pretended to be a mental patient in order to be committed to the facility, .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}where she lived for 10 days. She also interviewed influential and controversial figures, including Emma Goldman in 1893. Read free previews and reviews from booklovers. This prompted Elizabeth to write a response under the pseudonym "Lonely Orphan Girl". American National Biography. [35], That same year, Iron Clad began manufacturing the steel barrel that was the model for the 55-gallon oil drum still in widespread use in the United States. Nellie Bly was a journalist at a time when there were very few women in the workforce. One of Bly's earliest assignments was to author a piece detailing the experiences endured by patients of the infamous mental institution on Blackwell's Island (now Roosevelt Island) in New York City. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/nellie-bly-9296.php. Just over seventy-two days after her departure from Hoboken, Bly was back in New York. The show ran for 16 performances. To what extent did Elizabeths trip around the world redefine ideas of what it meant to be a woman? In 1888, inspired by Jules Vernes 1873 novel Around the World in Eighty Days, Bly aimed to turn the fictional tale into reality. How many siblings did Mary Livermore have? How many brothers and sisters did Theodore Roosevelt have? In 1911, she returned to journalism as a reporter for the New York Evening Journal. on New Yorks ills, such as corruption in the state legislature, unscrupulous employment agencies for domestic workers, and the black market for buying infants. [67], A fictionalized account of Bly's around-the-world trip was used in the 2010 comic book Julie Walker Is The Phantom published by Moonstone Books (Story: Elizabeth Massie, art: Paul Daly, colors: Stephen Downer). Born in 1864, Bly was the thirteenth of 15 children in a family headed by Michael Cochran, a mill owner and county judge. She published all of her works as Elizabeth Bisland . Early in life, she was compelled to speak truth to power when she testified on her mother's behalf against an abusive stepfather. She moved to New York City in 1886, but found it extremely difficult to find work as a female reporter in the male-dominated field. Well never share your email with anyone else, Nellie Bly became a star journalist by going undercover as a patient at a New York City mental health asylum in 1887 and exposing its terrible conditions in the, Bly looked for work to help support her family, but found fewer opportunities than her less-educated brothers. Elizabeths mother soon remarried, but quickly divorced her second husband because of abuse, and relocated the family to Pittsburgh. Elizabeth had fourteen siblings. How many siblings did Frances Hodgson Burnett have? American investigative journalist (18641922), Elizabeth Cochran, "Nellie Bly," aged about 26. Escaping the Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story: Directed by Karen Moncrieff. Nellie Bly Baker (September 7, 1893 - October 12, 1984) was an American actress active in the silent film era and early talkies, mostly playing minor roles. How many siblings did Victoria Woodhull have? In 1895, Elizabeth retired from writing and married Robert Livingston Seaman. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. For 72 days, as she jumped cargo ships, trains, tugboats, and rickshaws, newspaper readers had. In 1889, the paper sent her on a trip around the world in a record-setting 72 days. Search results for "The Babysitter Chronicles" at Rakuten Kobo. Nellie Bly left New York for France on November 14, 1889. ", Lutes, Jean Marie. Her mother remarried but divorced in 1878 due to abuse. Two years later, Bly moved to New York City and began working for the New York World. [21], It was not easy for Bly to be admitted to the Asylum: she first decided to check herself into a boarding house called "Temporary Homes for Females". She had circumnavigated the globe, traveling alone for almost the entire journey. Nellie Bly tied the nuptial knot in 1895 with the millionaire manufacturer Robert Seaman. Taking on the pen name by which she's best known, after a Stephen Foster song, she sought to highlight the negative consequences of sexist ideologies and the importance of women's rights issues. The majority of her writings were literary works. Life Story: Elizabeth Cochrane, aka Nellie Bly (1864-1922), Women & The American Story, New-York Historical Society Library and Museum. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/bly/madhouse/madhouse.html. As a child she wore it so often she was nicknamed Pinky. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. "On the species of Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, with redescriptions of type material, the first record of P. grandis Bertani, Fukushima & Silva, 2008 from Peru, and the description of four new species". How many siblings did Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton have? [60], Bly has been featured as the protagonist of novels by David Blixt,[61] Marshall Goldberg,[62] Dan Jorgensen,[63] Carol McCleary,[64] Pearry Reginald Teo, Maya Rodale,[65] and Christine Converse. [14] It was customary for women who were newspaper writers at that time to use pen names. In 2020, it was awarded to Claudia Irizarry Aponte, of THE CITY. Bly, Nellie. Activist journalists like Elizabethcommonly known as muckrakerswere an important part of reform movements. Alternate titles: Elizabeth Cochran, Elizabeth Cochrane. [41], In 1998, Bly was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Nellie Bly, was one of fourteen siblings growing up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The young, intrepid reporter who graced the pages of the New York World at the end of the 19th century led a busy life. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Elizabeth Jane Cochran, a.k.a. Wanting to write pieces that addressed both men and women, Bly began looking for a newspaper that would allow her to write on more serious topics. 2022. [16] Cochrane originally intended that her pseudonym be "Nelly Bly", but her editor wrote "Nellie" by mistake, and the error stuck. In 1887 Cochrane left Pittsburgh for New York City and went to work for Joseph Pulitzers New York World. Bly told the assistant matron: "There are so many crazy people about, and one can never tell what they will do. She completed the trip in 72 days, 6 hours, 11 minutes and 14 secondssetting a real-world record, despite her fictional inspiration for the undertaking. Elizabeth Cochran Seaman (born Elizabeth Jane Cochran; May 5, 1864 January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist, who was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and an expos in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within. Writing for a newspaper wasn't considered "ladylike," and a fake name provided a veil of respectability between writer and public. Combine Elizabeth Cochranes life story with the life stories of, Connect Elizabeth Cochranes work to that of fellow muckraker, Elizabeth Cochrane was one of many Americans who fought to eradicate what she perceived as the evils of modern life. At 15, Bly enrolled at the State Normal School in Indiana, Pennsylvania. Her trip around the world in 72 days brought her even further fame. How many siblings did Queen Elizabeth I have? Bly looked for work to help support her family, but found fewer opportunities than her less-educated brothers. Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division Washington, D.C. Elizabeth traveled light, taking only the dress she wore, a cape, and a small travelers bag. Elizabeth too began writing under the pen name Nellie Bly after the Stephen Foster song. At New York, she soon found herself a job at Joseph Pulitzers newspaper, New York World. One of her early assignments was to investigate reports of brutality and neglect at the Women's Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's Island. How many siblings did Sophie Germain have? She began working for the New York Evening Journal in 1920 and reported on numerous events, including the growing womens suffrage movement. [15] "Mad Marriages" was published under the byline of Nellie Bly, rather than "Lonely Orphan Girl". Faced with such dwindling finances, Bly consequently re-entered the newspaper industry. Nellie Bly was the most famous American woman reporter of the 19th century. (June 2002) 217-253. Bly's celebrity reached an international level with her mission to travel around the world in 80 days, just as the character Phileas Fogg did in Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days. Conduct a close examination of. It was no mere armchair observation, because Bly got herself committed . Michael had 10 children with his first wife, and he had 5 children with his second wife. Bly followed her Blackwell's expos with similar investigative work, including editorials detailing the improper treatment of individuals in New York jails and factories, corruption in the state legislature and other first-hand accounts of malfeasance. Elizabeth hoped the massive newspaper industry of New York City would be more open-minded to a female journalist and left Pittsburgh. [66] David Blixt also appeared on a March 10, 2021 episode of the podcast Broads You Should Know as a Nellie Bly expert. The editor, Joseph Pulitzer, declined that story, but he challenged Bly to investigate one of New Yorks most notorious mental asylums, Blackwells Island. It shed light on the disturbing living condition of patients, the neglect on part of the authorities and the physical abuse meted out to patients. 10 Days in a Madhouse: Directed by Timothy Hines. Elizabeth is often described as a muckraker. siblings: Harry Cummings Cochrane. Her sharply critical articles angered Mexican officials and caused her expulsion from the country. [36], Bly was, however, an inventor in her own right, receiving U.S. Patent 697,553 for a novel milk can and U.S. Patent 703,711 for a stacking garbage can, both under her married name of Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman. Into the Madhouse with Nellie Bly: Girl Stunt Reporting in the Late Nineteenth Century America. American Quarterly, 54 no 2. Michael married twice. A number of positive changes were made after the release of the book. One can only speculate what further triumphs and good deeds this remarkable woman might have achieved if only she lived a few years longer. She was arrested when she was mistaken for a British spy. When Bly was six, her father died suddenly and without a will. The editor was so impressed with her writing that he gave her a job. [46] The Girl Puzzle opened to the public in December, 2021. How many brothers and sisters did Jimmy Carter have? "Nellie Bly." Died: January 27, 1922, New York City, NY. The New York World published daily updates on her journey and the entire country followed her story. Nellie Bly was born Elizabeth Jane Cochran on May 5, 1864 in Cochrans Mill, Pennsylvania. Nellie Bly married manufacturer Robert Seaman in 1895. [13] Her first article for the Dispatch, titled "The Girl Puzzle", argued that not all women would marry and that what was needed were better jobs for women. Aspiring for a more meaningful career, she travelled to Mexico to serve as a foreign correspondent. By Barbara Maranzani Updated: Nov 12, 2020. Print Page Nellie Bly Nellie Bly, c. 1890. Religious Experience and Journal of Mrs. Jarena Lee: giving an account of her call to preach the gospel, frontispiece. How many siblings did August Wilson have? She wasn't the first woman of her time to join a newsroom, but she was certainly the most. Seaman died in 1904. It was for the Dispatch that she began using the pen name Nellie Bly, borrowed from a popular Stephen Foster song. She used the pen name Nellie Bly, which she took from a well-known song at the time, Nelly Bly. Bly was a popular columnist, but she was limited to writing pieces that only addressed women and soon quit in dissatisfaction. Her report on the horrifyingly conditions inside the asylum led to numerous reforms in the living condition of the mental patients. Elizabeth Cochran (she later added a final e to Cochran) received scant formal schooling. The story of Nellie Bly, a female journalist who willingly got herself admitted to an insane asylum in 1890s New York so she could write about the experience and expose the injustices. Her expos of conditions among the patients, published in the World and later collected in Ten Days in a Mad House (1887), precipitated a grand-jury investigation of the asylum and helped bring about needed improvements in patient care. Unfortunately, Bly did not manage the finances well and fell victim to fraud by employees that led the firm to declare bankruptcy. Still only 21, she was determined "to do something no girl has done before. Nellie was born on May 5, 1864 in a city called Cochran's Millis in the United States. Her reporting not only raised awareness about mental health treatment and led to improvements in institutional conditions, it also ushered in an age of investigative journalism. She challenged the stereotypical assumption that women could not travel without many suitcases, outfit changes, and vanity items. Although Elizabeth never regained the level of stardom she experienced after her trip around the world, she continued to use her writing to shed light on issues of the day. On train, ship, rickshaw, horse, and donkey . Watch Escaping the Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story on Lifetime Movie Club. Bly suffered a tragic loss in 1870, at the age of six, when her father died suddenly. When Cochrane introduced herself to the editor, he offered her the opportunity to write a piece for the newspaper, again under the pseudonym "Lonely Orphan Girl". Lutes, Jean Marie. MLA Norwood, Arlisha and Mariana Brandman. Upon her husbands death in 1904, Bly took the helm of his Iron Clad Manufacturing Co. During her time there, she began manufacturing the first practical 55-gallon steel oil drum, which evolved into the standard one used today. Between 1889 and 1895 she wrote eleven novels. Elizabeth marched into the Dispatch offices and introduced herself. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her sixty-year career. Women in Art and Literature: Who Said It? How many children did Anne Hutchinson have? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. As one of few women and Asian musicians in the jazz world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese culture, sounds, and instruments into her music. How many children did Laura Ingalls Wilder have? Pace, Lawson. Bly switched back to reporting, later on writing stories on Europe's Eastern Front during World War I and the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913. Cochrane rode on ships and trains, in rickshaws and sampans, on horses and burros. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Michael Cochran began his career in the mills outside Pittsburgh, until he was able to earn enough to buy the mill. How many siblings did Rosalind Franklin have? How many siblings did Coretta Scott King have? She also interviewed and wrote pieces on several prominent figures of the time, including Emma Goldman and Susan B. Anthony. In 188687 she traveled for several months through Mexico, sending back reports on official corruption and the condition of the poor. This is a short thirty-minute lesson on Frances Ellen Watkins Harper. She wanted to write a story on the immigrant experience in the United States. [69], The board game Round the World with Nellie Bly created in 1890 is named in recognition of her trip. Patents 808,327 and 808,413). Her favorite color is pink. Following her marriage, she retired from journalism and became the president of her husbands Iron Clad Manufacturing Company. From France she went to Italy and Egypt, through South Asia to Singapore and Japan, then to San Francisco and back to New York. Her plan was to graduate and find a position as a teacher. Nellie Bly's stint in the facility wasn't necessarily how she envisioned making a name for herself. Nellie Bly: Around the World in 72 Days. Senator John Heinz History Center. She married millionaire Robert Seaman in 1895, but after his death she suffered financial reverses, and she returned to newspaper work on the New York Journal in 1920. Best Known For: Nellie Bly was known for her pioneering journalism, including her 1887 expos on the conditions of asylum patients at Blackwell's Island in New York City and her report of her. She was 57 years old. Her fathers death when she was quite young had left the Cochran family with meagre means. New York: Crown, 1994. Astrological Sign: Taurus, Death Year: 1922, Death date: January 27, 1922, Death State: New York, Death City: New York, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Nellie Bly Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/activist/nellie-bly, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: April 19, 2021, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. How many siblings did Eleanor of Aquitaine have? Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R., Brescovit, A. D. & Lucas, S. M. (2022). The students will discuss diversity within the economics profession and in the federal government, and the functions of the Federal Reserve System and U. S. monetary policy, by reviewing a historic timeline and analyzing the acts of Janet Yellen. Cochran's Mills, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, Burrell Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, Escaping the Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story, An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster, "She went undercover to expose an insane asylum's horrors. How many sisters did Martha Washington have? Just two years after reviving her writing career, on January 27, 1922, Bly died from pneumonia in New York City.
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